7.6.1 Home automation for the elderly and disabled.7.3.3 Automated fruit harvesting machines.7.3 Dirty, dangerous, dull, or inaccessible tasks.The possibilities of robot autonomy and potential repercussions have been addressed in fiction and may be a realistic concern in the future. The use of robots in military combat raises ethical concerns. Robots are blamed for rising technological unemployment as they replace workers in increasing numbers of functions. There are concerns about the increasing use of robots and their role in society. Robots have replaced humans in performing repetitive and dangerous tasks which humans prefer not to do, or are unable to do because of size limitations, or which take place in extreme environments such as outer space or the bottom of the sea. The first Unimate was sold to General Motors in 1961 where it lifted pieces of hot metal from die casting machines at the Inland Fisher Guide Plant in the West Trenton section of Ewing Township, New Jersey. The first modern digital and programmable robot was invented by George Devol in 1954 and spawned his seminal robotics company, Unimation. Electronics evolved into the driving force of development with the advent of the first electronic autonomous robots created by William Grey Walter in Bristol, England in 1948, as well as Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine tools in the late 1940s by John T. (Rossumovi Univerzální Roboti – Rossum's Universal Robots) by Karel Čapek, though it was Karel's brother Josef Čapek who was the word's true inventor. The word 'robot' was first used to denote a fictional humanoid in a 1920 Czech-language play R.U.R. The term comes from a Slavic root, robot-, with meanings associated with labor. As mechanical techniques developed through the Industrial age, there appeared more practical applications such as automated machines, remote-control and wireless remote-control. These robots have also created a newer branch of robotics: soft robotics.įrom the time of ancient civilization, there have been many accounts of user-configurable automated devices and even automata resembling humans and other animals, designed primarily as entertainment. Many of today's robots are inspired by nature contributing to the field of bio-inspired robotics. These technologies deal with automated machines that can take the place of humans in dangerous environments or manufacturing processes, or resemble humans in appearance, behavior, or cognition. The branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots, as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing is robotics. Autonomous things are expected to proliferate in the future, with home robotics and the autonomous car as some of the main drivers. By mimicking a lifelike appearance or automating movements, a robot may convey a sense of intelligence or thought of its own. Robots can be autonomous or semi-autonomous and range from humanoids such as Honda's Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility ( ASIMO) and TOSY's TOSY Ping Pong Playing Robot ( TOPIO) to industrial robots, medical operating robots, patient assist robots, dog therapy robots, collectively programmed swarm robots, UAV drones such as General Atomics MQ-1 Predator, and even microscopic nano robots. Robots may be constructed to evoke human form, but most robots are task-performing machines, designed with an emphasis on stark functionality, rather than expressive aesthetics. A robot can be guided by an external control device, or the control may be embedded within. Ī robot is a machine-especially one programmable by a computer-capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically. The quadrupedal military robot Cheetah, an evolution of BigDog (pictured), was clocked as the world's fastest legged robot in 2012, beating the record set by an MIT bipedal robot in 1989.
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